Whether or not belongings held inside a belief turn out to be a part of the marital property throughout divorce proceedings is determined by a wide range of elements. Usually, trusts created earlier than the wedding, and funded with separate property, are sometimes thought of non-marital. Nonetheless, trusts established throughout the marriage, or these funded with marital belongings, could also be topic to division. For instance, a belief established and funded by one partner earlier than the wedding, containing an inheritance, may stay separate property. Conversely, if marital funds are used to take care of or improve a premarital belief, a portion of its worth may very well be deemed marital property.
Clarifying the marital or non-marital standing of a belief is essential throughout divorce proceedings. This dedication impacts the equitable distribution of belongings between spouses. Traditionally, trusts have supplied a mechanism for managing and defending wealth, typically throughout generations. Understanding how this interacts with trendy divorce legislation ensures truthful and applicable outcomes. Misunderstandings can result in protracted authorized battles and probably inequitable settlements.
The next sections delve deeper into the nuances of this matter, exploring the kinds of trusts, the impression of jurisdiction, and the position of pre- and post-nuptial agreements in figuring out how these belongings are handled in divorce.
1. Jurisdictional Variations
State legal guidelines considerably affect whether or not a belief is taken into account marital property throughout divorce proceedings. These jurisdictional variations create complexity in figuring out how belief belongings are categorized and distributed. Some states adhere to “neighborhood property” legal guidelines, usually presuming that belongings acquired throughout the marriage belong equally to each spouses. In these jurisdictions, trusts created throughout the marriage, even when solely funded by one partner, could be deemed neighborhood property topic to division. Different states observe “equitable distribution” ideas, specializing in a good, although not essentially equal, division of belongings. In such jurisdictions, courts study varied elements, together with the supply of belief funds, the intent behind the belief’s creation, and the spouses’ contributions to the wedding, to find out what portion, if any, of a belief constitutes marital property.
For instance, in a neighborhood property state, a belief established and funded by one partner throughout the marriage, even for property planning functions, could be considered in a different way than in an equitable distribution state. The latter may contemplate the intent behind the belief’s creation and whether or not it primarily benefited one partner over the opposite. Conversely, a belief established earlier than the wedding, containing an inheritance, could be handled equally in each kinds of jurisdictions, usually remaining separate property until commingled with marital belongings. These variations underscore the importance of understanding relevant state legal guidelines when contemplating the position of trusts in divorce.
Navigating these jurisdictional complexities requires authorized experience. Consulting with an lawyer specializing in household legislation and belief administration throughout the related jurisdiction is essential. Such experience ensures applicable methods for safeguarding belongings and reaching equitable outcomes in divorce proceedings involving trusts. Failure to think about jurisdictional variations can result in sudden and probably unfavorable outcomes.
2. Belief Creation Timing
Belief creation timing performs a pivotal position in figuring out whether or not a belief is taken into account marital property in divorce proceedings. A belief established earlier than the wedding, sometimes called a premarital belief, is usually considered as separate property, notably if funded with premarital belongings like inheritances or earnings. For instance, if one partner established a belief earlier than the wedding and funded it with an inheritance obtained previous to the wedding, that belief, and the belongings inside it, would possible be thought of separate property and never topic to division throughout divorce. Nonetheless, if, after the wedding, marital funds are used to contribute to or improve the premarital belief, these contributions, and probably any appreciation attributable to them, may very well be deemed marital property.
Conversely, trusts created throughout the marriage, referred to as inter-vivos or residing trusts, usually tend to be thought of marital property, particularly if funded with marital belongings. This holds true even when the belief is established and funded solely by one partner. As an example, if throughout the marriage, one partner units up a residing belief and funds it with earnings earned throughout the marriage, that belief, no matter titling, would usually be thought of marital property topic to division. It is because belongings acquired throughout the marriage are usually thought of marital property, no matter how they’re held. Nonetheless, even with trusts created throughout the marriage, the supply of funds stays a vital issue. If a belief is established throughout the marriage however funded solely with an inheritance obtained by one partner throughout the marriage, it could be thought of separate property. The particular info and circumstances surrounding the belief’s creation and funding are crucial.
Understanding the timing of belief creation, together with the supply of its funding, is subsequently important for each spouses. This information permits for proactive planning and administration of belongings, each throughout the marriage and in anticipation of potential divorce. Failure to understand the implications of belief creation timing can result in unintended penalties concerning asset division. Consulting with a authorized skilled specializing in household legislation and property planning is essential for navigating these complexities and making certain applicable asset safety methods are applied.
3. Supply of Belief Funds
The origin of belongings used to fund a belief considerably impacts whether or not the belief, or parts thereof, is taken into account marital property in divorce proceedings. Tracing the supply of funds is essential for figuring out how a belief is handled throughout asset division. Totally different sources can result in distinct classifications, affecting the ultimate distribution of belongings.
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Premarital Property
Funds originating from belongings owned earlier than the wedding, resembling inheritances, presents obtained previous to the wedding, or proceeds from the sale of premarital property, usually retain their separate property standing even when positioned right into a belief. As an example, if one partner inherited a sum of cash earlier than the wedding and subsequently positioned these funds right into a belief, the belief would usually be thought of separate property, shielded from division. Nonetheless, the characterization can change if marital funds are commingled with the premarital belongings throughout the belief.
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Marital Property
Trusts funded with belongings acquired throughout the marriage, like earnings earned throughout the marriage, funding returns on joint accounts, or proceeds from the sale of marital property, are usually thought of marital property, even when the belief is established and managed by just one partner. Depositing a portion of joint earnings right into a belief throughout the marriage doesn’t change its marital nature. This holds true whatever the titling of the belief or the intent behind its creation.
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Commingled Property
When funds from separate and marital sources are blended inside a belief, complexities come up. Courts could try to hint the contributions and apportion the belief belongings accordingly. For instance, if a premarital belief funded with an inheritance subsequently receives contributions from marital earnings, a portion of the belief could be thought of marital property, reflecting the commingled marital contributions and any appreciation attributed to them. Demonstrating the origin of funds via meticulous record-keeping turns into paramount in such situations.
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Presents and Inheritances Acquired Throughout Marriage
Presents or inheritances obtained by one partner throughout the marriage, whereas usually thought of separate property, can turn out to be difficult when positioned right into a belief. If the reward or inheritance is deposited right into a belief solely for the advantage of the receiving partner, it’s more likely to retain its separate character. Nonetheless, if the belief advantages each spouses or if marital funds are commingled, the traces can blur, probably exposing a portion of the belief to division in a divorce.
Understanding the supply of belief funds is paramount when analyzing how a belief could be handled in divorce proceedings. This, coupled with elements like jurisdiction and the timing of belief creation, gives a complete view of how belief belongings could be categorized and probably divided. Overlooking the significance of tracing the supply of funds can have vital implications on the equitable distribution of belongings throughout divorce.
4. Partner’s Management Over Belief
The diploma of management a partner workout routines over a belief can considerably affect whether or not a belief, or a portion thereof, is deemed marital property in divorce proceedings. Whereas not solely determinative, the extent of management serves as a vital issue courts contemplate when assessing the character of belief belongings. Substantial management, particularly when coupled with using belief belongings for marital functions, can enhance the chance of a belief, or a portion of it, being categorised as marital property topic to division.
As an example, if a partner serves as the only real trustee of a belief, possesses unrestricted energy to distribute belief earnings or principal, and makes use of belief funds to pay household bills, a court docket may view the belief as an extension of the partner’s private funds, thereby classifying some or all of it as marital property. Conversely, if a partner is a beneficiary of a belief however has no management over distributions, with an unbiased trustee making all choices, the belief belongings are much less more likely to be thought of marital property, even when the partner receives distributions throughout the marriage. An additional instance entails a belief established by a 3rd occasion for a partner’s profit. Even when the partner receives distributions throughout the marriage, the dearth of management over the belief belongings usually shields them from being deemed marital property. Nonetheless, if the partner workout routines oblique management, resembling influencing an amenable trustee, the evaluation turns into extra complicated, and the court docket could scrutinize the precise dynamics of the belief administration.
Understanding the interaction between spousal management and the characterization of belief belongings is essential for each spouses and property planners. Clarifying management mechanisms inside belief paperwork will help delineate separate and marital property. This readability simplifies asset division throughout divorce, probably mitigating disputes. Failure to deal with management points can create ambiguity and result in protracted authorized battles, rising prices and emotional pressure. Due to this fact, looking for skilled authorized counsel specializing in household legislation and belief administration is important for establishing and managing trusts successfully, notably when contemplating potential divorce implications.
5. Belief Objective
The aim for which a belief is established generally is a related think about figuring out whether or not it constitutes marital property in divorce proceedings. Whereas not all the time dispositive, the intent behind the belief’s creation can present worthwhile context for courts assessing how its belongings needs to be categorized. Totally different functions can result in variations in how a belief is handled throughout asset division, notably when thought of alongside different elements such because the supply of funds and the timing of the belief’s creation.
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Asset Safety
Trusts designed primarily to defend belongings from collectors or potential liabilities are sometimes considered as separate property, particularly if established and funded earlier than the wedding. For instance, a belief established previous to the wedding with the specific goal of defending inherited belongings from enterprise liabilities would possible be thought of separate property, even when the beneficiary partner is actively concerned within the enterprise throughout the marriage. Nonetheless, if such a belief have been used to defend marital belongings from collectors, it could be topic to scrutiny.
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Property Planning
Trusts created for property planning functions, resembling minimizing property taxes or managing intergenerational wealth transfers, are usually handled as separate property, particularly in the event that they predate the wedding and are funded with premarital belongings. A belief designed to distribute belongings to youngsters from a previous relationship upon the settlor’s dying, for instance, would possible be thought of separate property, even when established throughout the marriage. Nonetheless, using marital belongings to fund such a belief may complicate issues.
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Help for a Particular Beneficiary
Trusts established for the help of a selected beneficiary, resembling a baby with particular wants or an aged guardian, could be thought of separate property, particularly if the beneficiary just isn’t a partner. A belief arrange throughout the marriage to offer for the continuing care of a kid with disabilities, funded with one partner’s separate property, is much less more likely to be thought of marital property. Nonetheless, using marital funds for such a belief would introduce complexity into the evaluation.
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Marital Profit
If a belief, no matter when it was created, is demonstrably used for the advantage of the wedding, resembling paying household bills, funding joint holidays, or buying marital property, a court docket may view the belief, or a portion thereof, as marital property, even when nominally titled in a single partner’s title. Common contributions from marital earnings to a belief used for family bills may strengthen the argument for contemplating at the very least a portion of the belief as marital property.
Understanding the interaction between belief goal and its classification as marital property requires cautious consideration of the particular info and circumstances surrounding the belief’s creation and administration. Whereas the said goal gives a place to begin, courts usually study the totality of the circumstances, together with the supply of funds, the timing of the belief’s institution, and the precise use of belief belongings, to find out whether or not a belief, or a portion thereof, needs to be topic to division in divorce proceedings. Due to this fact, consulting with authorized counsel specializing in each household legislation and trusts is essential for making certain that the aim of the belief is clearly outlined and its administration aligns with its meant targets, minimizing potential disputes within the occasion of divorce.
6. Pre-Nuptial Agreements
Pre-nuptial agreements play a vital position in figuring out how trusts are handled in divorce proceedings. These agreements, established earlier than marriage, can outline whether or not a belief is taken into account separate or marital property, overriding default state legal guidelines. A well-drafted pre-nuptial settlement gives readability and predictability concerning the disposition of belief belongings, probably mitigating disputes throughout divorce.
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Explicitly Addressing Trusts
Pre-nuptial agreements can explicitly categorize present or future trusts as separate or marital property. This clear designation avoids ambiguity and streamlines the asset division course of. For instance, a pre-nuptial settlement may stipulate {that a} belief established by one partner earlier than the wedding, containing inherited belongings, stays separate property, no matter any contributions made throughout the marriage. Conversely, the settlement may designate a belief established throughout the marriage, even when funded solely by one partner, as marital property topic to division.
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Waiving Rights to Belief Property
Spouses can waive any rights or claims to one another’s trusts inside a pre-nuptial settlement. This waiver gives a transparent delineation of separate property, stopping future disputes over belief belongings. One partner may waive any future declare to a belief established by the opposite partner, even when that belief is funded with marital belongings throughout the marriage. Such waivers present certainty and predictability concerning asset division within the occasion of divorce.
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Defining Commingling Guidelines
Pre-nuptial agreements can set up particular guidelines concerning commingling of separate and marital belongings inside a belief. This proactive method clarifies how commingled belongings are handled, avoiding potential disputes. An settlement may stipulate that any marital funds contributed to a premarital belief, and any appreciation attributable to these contributions, turn out to be marital property topic to division. This avoids the complicated tracing workout routines typically required by courts when commingling happens.
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Full Disclosure of Belief Property
A pre-nuptial settlement requires full disclosure of all belongings, together with trusts. This transparency ensures each events enter the wedding with a transparent understanding of the monetary panorama, facilitating knowledgeable choices. Disclosing the existence, goal, and worth of all belief belongings permits each events to barter the phrases of the pre-nuptial settlement pretty and equitably. With out full disclosure, the validity of the settlement may very well be challenged.
Pre-nuptial agreements present a strong device for managing how trusts are handled in divorce. By addressing trusts explicitly inside these agreements, {couples} can set up clear tips for asset division, minimizing potential battle and selling a extra amicable and environment friendly divorce course of. This proactive method fosters readability and predictability, finally benefiting each events. The cautious consideration of trusts inside a pre-nuptial settlement, along with knowledgeable authorized recommendation, is important for safeguarding particular person pursuits and making certain a good and equitable end result within the occasion of divorce.
7. Submit-Nuptial Agreements
Submit-nuptial agreements, much like pre-nuptial agreements however established after marriage, supply a mechanism for {couples} to outline how belongings, together with trusts, are handled within the occasion of divorce. Whereas much less frequent than pre-nuptial agreements, post-nuptial agreements present a worthwhile device for managing the complexities of marital property, particularly when trusts are concerned. They permit {couples} to switch the default guidelines of state legislation concerning asset division, offering readability and predictability. As an example, a pair may set up a post-nuptial settlement after receiving a big inheritance, directing {that a} newly created belief to carry the inheritance stays separate property, even when managed collectively throughout the marriage. Conversely, a post-nuptial settlement may designate a belief funded with marital belongings as neighborhood property topic to equal division, no matter which partner established the belief.
Submit-nuptial agreements can tackle a number of key facets of trusts and marital property. These agreements can particularly categorize present or future trusts as separate or marital property, much like pre-nuptial agreements. Spouses may also waive rights or claims to one another’s trusts inside a post-nuptial settlement. That is notably related if one partner established a belief previous to the wedding and needs to make sure it stays separate property. Moreover, post-nuptial agreements can outline guidelines for commingling belongings inside a belief. For instance, an settlement may stipulate that contributions of marital funds to a pre-existing separate property belief convert a proportionate share of the belief into marital property. Lastly, as with pre-nuptial agreements, full disclosure of all belongings, together with trusts, is essential for a legitimate post-nuptial settlement. This transparency ensures each events are totally knowledgeable and might make sound choices concerning the settlement’s phrases. Contemplate a situation the place a pair, after years of marriage, decides to determine a belief for the advantage of their youngsters. A post-nuptial settlement can specify that this belief, even when funded with marital belongings, stays separate property, defending it from division in a possible divorce.
Submit-nuptial agreements supply a strong means for managing the complicated interaction between trusts and marital property. They empower {couples} to outline their very own guidelines for asset division, offering readability and lowering potential battle within the occasion of divorce. Nonetheless, the enforceability of post-nuptial agreements can range by jurisdiction, emphasizing the necessity for authorized counsel specializing in household legislation and property planning. Crafting a transparent and complete post-nuptial settlement, with full disclosure and consideration of the particular circumstances of the wedding and the character of any trusts concerned, is essential for making certain that the settlement successfully achieves its meant goal. Failure to fastidiously tackle these points can result in unintended penalties and protracted authorized battles, undermining the advantages of creating a post-nuptial settlement within the first place.
8. Commingling of Property
Commingling of belongings considerably impacts whether or not a belief, or parts thereof, is deemed marital property throughout divorce proceedings. The act of blending separate property, resembling premarital belongings or inheritances, with marital property, like earnings earned throughout the marriage, inside a belief can blur the traces between what’s individually owned and what’s collectively owned. This blurring creates complexity when figuring out how belief belongings needs to be divided upon divorce. Understanding the implications of commingling is important for each spouses and property planners looking for to guard belongings and guarantee equitable outcomes.
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Depositing Marital Funds right into a Separate Property Belief
When marital funds are deposited right into a belief initially funded with separate property, the commingling can rework a portion of the belief into marital property. For instance, if one partner contributes a portion of their wage earned throughout the marriage right into a belief initially funded with an inheritance obtained earlier than the wedding, the portion of the belief attributable to the marital contributions, together with any related progress, could be deemed marital property topic to division. This holds true even when the contributing partner is the only real trustee and beneficiary of the belief.
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Utilizing Belief Funds for Marital Bills
Using funds from a separate property belief to pay for marital bills, resembling mortgage funds, family payments, or household holidays, can create commingling and probably expose a portion of the belief to division as marital property. Often utilizing belief funds to pay joint bills may lead a court docket to view the belief, at the very least partially, as a marital useful resource, no matter its preliminary funding supply. As an example, if a belief established with premarital funds is constantly used to pay household bills throughout the marriage, a portion of the belief could be thought of marital property, reflecting its use for joint profit.
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Titling Marital Property within the Identify of a Belief
Titling property acquired throughout the marriage, resembling a trip dwelling or funding property, within the title of a belief, even one initially funded with separate property, doesn’t routinely defend the property from being categorised as marital property. The supply of funds used to amass the property and the aim of the belief can be scrutinized. If marital funds or joint efforts have been used to amass or preserve the property held throughout the belief, it may very well be thought of marital property whatever the belief construction.
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Lack of Clear File-Maintaining
Sustaining meticulous information that clearly distinguish between separate and marital funds inside a belief is essential. With out clear documentation, tracing the supply of funds turns into difficult, and a court docket could be extra inclined to categorise a bigger portion of the belief as marital property. Detailed information of contributions, distributions, and the aim of every transaction are important to show the separate nature of particular belongings throughout the belief. Failure to take care of satisfactory information can considerably weaken a celebration’s declare that sure belief belongings needs to be thought of separate property.
Commingling inside a belief creates vital complexities when figuring out what constitutes marital property throughout divorce. The shortage of clear separation between separate and marital funds can result in disputes and probably inequitable outcomes. Cautious planning, meticulous record-keeping, and clear delineation of separate and marital property inside belief paperwork are important to mitigate the dangers related to commingling. Failing to deal with commingling proactively can considerably impression the division of belief belongings in divorce, probably undermining the very goal of creating the belief within the first place.
Ceaselessly Requested Questions About Trusts and Marital Property
The intersection of trusts and divorce proceedings usually generates complicated questions. This part addresses frequent considerations and potential misconceptions concerning the remedy of trusts as marital property.
Query 1: Are trusts all the time shielded from division in divorce?
No, trusts will not be all the time immune from division. Whereas trusts can supply a level of asset safety, their remedy in divorce hinges on varied elements, together with the timing of the belief’s creation, the supply of its funding, the jurisdiction, and the phrases of any pre- or post-nuptial agreements. A belief established and funded earlier than the wedding with separate property usually gives larger safety than a belief established throughout the marriage.
Query 2: Can a belief established throughout marriage defend belongings from division?
A belief established throughout the marriage can probably defend belongings below particular circumstances. As an example, a belief created for the advantage of a 3rd occasion, resembling a baby with particular wants, could be protected, even when funded with marital belongings. Nonetheless, trusts established throughout the marriage and primarily benefiting the settlor partner could be topic to division, particularly if funded with marital funds.
Query 3: Does titling belongings within the title of a belief routinely defend them in divorce?
Merely transferring belongings right into a belief doesn’t routinely defend them from division in divorce. Courts study the substance of the association, together with the management exercised over the belief and the supply of the funds, relatively than solely the title. Transferring marital belongings right into a belief managed by one partner is unlikely to stop these belongings from being thought of marital property.
Query 4: How does commingling of belongings have an effect on a belief in divorce?
Commingling of separate and marital property inside a belief complicates asset division. Mixing funds can convert a portion of a separate property belief into marital property. Meticulous record-keeping is essential to hint the supply of funds and delineate separate versus marital belongings throughout the belief. Failing to take care of clear information can result in a larger portion of the belief being deemed marital property.
Query 5: What position do pre- and post-nuptial agreements play regarding trusts?
Pre- and post-nuptial agreements present a strong device for outlining how trusts are dealt with in divorce. These agreements can explicitly categorize trusts as separate or marital property, waive rights to belief belongings, and set up guidelines for commingling. Addressing trusts proactively in these agreements gives readability and helps keep away from disputes throughout divorce.
Query 6: How can one guarantee a belief successfully protects belongings in divorce?
Making certain a belief successfully protects belongings requires cautious planning and a focus to element. Consulting with authorized counsel specializing in each property planning and household legislation is essential. Methods embrace establishing the belief nicely earlier than marriage, funding it with separate property, clearly defining its goal, limiting spousal management, and addressing the belief particularly inside pre- or post-nuptial agreements. Meticulous record-keeping can also be important.
Understanding these elementary ideas helps people and {couples} navigate the complicated intersection of trusts and divorce. Consulting with skilled authorized counsel stays essential for creating customized methods tailor-made to particular circumstances and jurisdictional necessities.
The next sections will present additional particulars concerning the particular kinds of trusts and the way they’re usually handled in divorce proceedings.
Suggestions for Navigating Trusts and Divorce
Defending belongings and making certain equitable outcomes throughout divorce requires cautious consideration of trusts and their potential remedy as marital property. The following pointers supply steering for people and {couples} navigating this complicated intersection of household legislation and property planning.
Tip 1: Search Skilled Authorized Counsel Early
Consulting with attorneys specializing in each household legislation and belief administration is essential. Early engagement permits for proactive planning and knowledgeable decision-making concerning belief creation, funding, and administration, minimizing potential disputes throughout divorce proceedings.
Tip 2: Set up Clear Belief Provisions
Belief paperwork ought to clearly outline the aim of the belief, the supply of its funding, the powers of the trustee, and the rights of beneficiaries. Unambiguous language and well-defined provisions assist forestall misinterpretations and facilitate environment friendly asset division in divorce.
Tip 3: Keep Meticulous Information
Detailed information of all belief transactions, together with contributions, distributions, and bills, are essential. These information present a transparent audit path and facilitate tracing the supply of funds, important for distinguishing between separate and marital property throughout the belief.
Tip 4: Contemplate Pre- or Submit-Nuptial Agreements
Pre- and post-nuptial agreements supply a worthwhile device for outlining how trusts can be handled in divorce. Explicitly addressing trusts inside these agreements gives readability and predictability, probably mitigating contentious disputes over asset division.
Tip 5: Perceive Jurisdictional Variations
State legal guidelines concerning marital property and trusts range considerably. Understanding the relevant jurisdiction’s guidelines is essential for creating efficient methods to guard belongings and obtain equitable outcomes throughout divorce.
Tip 6: Keep away from Commingling Property Every time Attainable
Mixing separate and marital funds inside a belief can create complexities. Sustaining clear separation between separate and marital property simplifies asset division and helps protect the separate character of premarital belongings and inheritances.
Tip 7: Overview and Replace Belief Paperwork Often
Common evaluate and updates of belief paperwork guarantee they align with present circumstances and authorized necessities. This ongoing upkeep helps protect the meant goal of the belief and minimizes potential challenges throughout divorce.
Implementing these methods gives people and {couples} with a powerful basis for navigating the complexities of trusts and divorce. Proactive planning, clear documentation, and knowledgeable authorized steering are essential for safeguarding belongings and reaching equitable outcomes.
In conclusion, understanding how trusts work together with marital property legal guidelines is important for each property planning and household legislation issues. The knowledge introduced on this article gives a framework for approaching these complexities and highlights the significance of looking for skilled steering.
Conclusion
Whether or not trusts are thought of marital property hinges on a fancy interaction of things. Jurisdictional variations, the timing of belief creation and funding supply, the extent of spousal management, and the aim of the belief all contribute to this dedication. Pre- and post-nuptial agreements supply mechanisms for clarifying the remedy of trusts in divorce, offering worthwhile instruments for asset safety and equitable distribution. Commingling of separate and marital belongings inside a belief introduces complexities, underscoring the significance of meticulous record-keeping and clear delineation of property possession.
Given the intricate authorized panorama surrounding trusts and divorce, looking for knowledgeable authorized counsel specializing in each property planning and household legislation is paramount. Proactive planning, clear documentation, and an intensive understanding of related authorized ideas are essential for navigating these complexities and reaching desired outcomes. Failure to deal with these points proactively can result in protracted authorized battles, jeopardizing monetary safety and undermining the meant goal of the belief. Cautious consideration of those elements is important for safeguarding particular person pursuits and making certain equitable resolutions within the occasion of divorce.
